In addition to providing a propulsive force to a flying vehicle, a rocket propulsion system can provide moments to rotate the flying vehicle which can cause the flying vehicle to change its attitude and also its flight path. it is possible to control a vehicle's pitch, yaw, and roll motions by controlling the direction of thrust vector mechanisms which will be described later. Thrust vector control is effective only while the propulsion system is operating and creating an exhaust jet. During a time, when a rocket propulsion system is not firing and therefore its thrust vector control (TVC) is inoperative, a separate mechanism needs to be provided to the flying vehicle for achieving control over its attitude or flight path.
The reasons for TVC are:
·
to
willfully change a
flight path or
trajectory
·
to rotate
the vehicle or change
its attitude during
powered flight
·
to
correct for deviation from
the intended trajectory
or the attitude
during powered flight
·
to
correct for thrust
misalignment of a fixed
nozzle in the main
propulsion system during its
operation, when the
main thrust vector
misses the vehicle's
center of gravity
Pitch moments are those that raise or lower the nose of a vehicle; yaw moments turn the nose sideways; and roll moments are applied about the main axis of the flying vehicle. Usually, the thrust vector of the main rocket nozzle is in the direction of the vehicle axis and goes through the vehicle's center of gravity. Thus it is possible to obtain pitch and yaw control moments by the simple deflection of the main rocket thrust vector; however, roll control usually requires the use of two or more rotary vanes or two or more separately hinged propulsion system nozzles.
All chemical propulsion systems can be provided with one of several types of thrust vector control (TVC) mechanisms. They can be applied to solid, liquid or hybrid propellant rocket propulsion system. Two types of thrust vector control concept.
• For an engine or a motor with a single nozzle
• For those that have two or more nozzles
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