Tuesday, January 4, 2022

THRUST VECTOR CONTROL - TVC

 In  addition  to  providing  a  propulsive  force  to  a  flying vehicle,  a  rocket  propulsion  system can  provide  moments  to  rotate  the  flying vehicle  which can cause the flying vehicle to change its attitude and also its flight path. it  is possible  to  control  a  vehicle's  pitch,  yaw,  and  roll  motions by controlling the direction of thrust vector mechanisms which will be described later. Thrust  vector  control  is  effective  only  while  the  propulsion  system  is  operating  and  creating  an  exhaust  jet.  During a time,  when  a  rocket  propulsion  system  is  not  firing  and  therefore  its thrust vector control (TVC)  is  inoperative,  a  separate mechanism  needs  to  be  provided  to  the  flying  vehicle  for  achieving  control over  its  attitude  or  flight  path.

The reasons for TVC are: 

·       to  willfully  change  a  flight  path  or  trajectory

·       to rotate  the vehicle  or  change  its  attitude  during  powered  flight

·       to  correct  for deviation  from  the  intended  trajectory  or  the  attitude  during  powered  flight

·       to  correct  for  thrust  misalignment  of a  fixed  nozzle  in  the main  propulsion system  during  its  operation,  when  the  main  thrust  vector  misses  the  vehicle's  center  of gravity




Pitch  moments  are  those  that  raise  or  lower  the  nose  of  a  vehicle;  yaw moments  turn  the  nose  sideways;  and  roll  moments  are  applied  about  the main  axis  of  the  flying  vehicle.  Usually,  the  thrust  vector  of  the main  rocket  nozzle  is  in  the  direction  of  the  vehicle  axis  and  goes  through  the vehicle's  center  of  gravity.  Thus  it  is  possible  to  obtain  pitch  and  yaw  control moments  by  the  simple  deflection  of  the  main  rocket  thrust  vector;  however, roll control  usually  requires  the use of two  or more  rotary  vanes  or  two  or more separately  hinged  propulsion  system  nozzles.


All chemical propulsion systems can be provided with  one  of several  types  of thrust  vector  control (TVC)  mechanisms.  They can be applied to solid, liquid or hybrid propellant rocket propulsion system. Two types of thrust vector control concept.

For  an  engine  or  a  motor  with  a  single  nozzle

For  those  that  have  two  or  more  nozzles


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